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Corrections to Rule Book: Page 11, Rule 1-8 should be
shaded; page 38, Rule 9-9-1e, delete "or illegal libero
replacement" and add to end of phrase "or illegal libero
replacement attempts to enter the game"; pages 56 and 57, sample game,
delete the listing of the libero in the Player No. column in serve order
position IV for James Wood (#7) and III for Handley (#30) as libero is not
listed when serving, delete the second listing of #26 in position III for
Handley as the second listing is not needed; page 56, add triangle around the
loss of rally symbol for serve position IV; page 57, add triangle around loss
of rally symbol for serve position III.
Corrections to Preseason Guide: Page 8, "What is a Collective
Block," in second paragraph line 16 should be "illegal block";
page 11, "Replacements and Timeouts," Play 1 line 11 should be
"illegal alignment" and delete "unnecessary delay."
SITUATION 1: Player No. 12 is wearing a watch during warm-ups. As set forth
by the state association policy to always communicate with the coach, the
official directs the coach of player No. 12 to have the player remove the
watch rather than going directly to the player. RULING: Acceptable procedure.
COMMENT: Rule 4-1-6 and Penalty 1 provides that jewelry shall not be worn
during warm-ups and, if discovered, the official shall direct the player to
remove the jewelry. Many times a member of the coaching staff is not readily
available and because this is an issue of risk minimization, the officials
want to have this situation corrected in an immediate fashion and at the same
time not delay the player from participating in warm-ups. Therefore, the rule
allows the player to be contacted by the official. However, it is good
preventive officiating to have the official always follow-up with the coach
to let him/her know of the situation and the player involved. The state
association may indeed establish policy to have all communication go through
the coach. (4-1-6; 4-1-Penalty 1)
SITUATION 2: Team A is wearing a uniform top that is a medium color blue with
a) solid medium gray number, b) solid gray number surrounded by a ˝-inch
white trim or c) solid gray with a ˝ inch shadowed border on part of the
number. The referee determines a) and c) are illegal uniforms and b) is
legal. RULING: Correct procedure. COMMENT: In a), the gray is not in sharp
contrast to the uniform top and the number is not clearly visible. In c), a
shadow border, which is only on part of the number though it is a sharp
contrasting color to the top, does completely surround the number to make the
number clearly visible. b) Legal as the trim is ˝-inch wide, is in a sharp
contrasting color to the body of the uniform top and is wide enough to make
the number clearly visible. (4-2-4c)
SITUATION 3: The state association modifies the officials' volleyball uniform
to accommodate extreme heat and humid conditions. The modification consists
of black shorts, white socks and black shoes. Later in the fall, the
officials return to the standard uniform of a white collared, short-sleeve
polo shirt, black slacks, black socks and black shoes. RULING: Legal, proper
procedure. COMMENT: Rule 5-2-1 NOTE 3 allows a state association to modify
the officials' uniform due to extreme heat. This may include the shorts and,
if deemed appropriate, the color of socks. The state association should
consider keeping the officials in a standard style uniform for consistency at
the match and professional appearance by the officiating crew. Each state
association is in the best position to make these decisions related to
weather conditions. (5-2-1 NOTE)
SITUATION 4: The libero (a) while playing the center back (CB) position is
standing closer to the net than the center front (CF) player at the moment of
contact of the serve; (b) during the same dead ball exits the court from the
left back (LB) position, briefly sits on the bench then re-enters the court
in replacement of the center back (CB) player; (c) is not listed on the
lineup sheet for the second game. RULING: (a) Illegal alignment; (b) illegal
libero replacement; (c) failure to list the libero number on the lineup sheet
results in no libero for that game. COMMENT: (a) At the moment of serve, all
players, including the libero, shall be in correct serving order. Each
front-row player shall have at least part of one foot touching the floor
closer to the center line than both feet of the corresponding back-row
player. (6-3-3b) (b) One libero replacement may be exercised per dead ball
unless the libero is replacing the player in the right back position and will
serve the next rally. (10-4-1c) (c) If the libero is not listed on the lineup
sheet, he/she cannot play in that game as the libero. The libero, when used,
must be designated on the lineup sheet prior to each game. (6-3-2a)
SITUATION 5: After the whistle/signal to serve, Team A's RB drops the ball in
an attempt to get a re-serve. As soon as the whistle sounds and the official
signals re-serve, the libero replaces a back-row player. The official should
(a) allow the replacement, (b) whistle and signal unnecessary delay or (c)
whistle and signal illegal alignment. RULING: (a) and (b) Incorrect
procedure; (c) correct procedure. COMMENT: The libero may not replace a
back-row player during a re-serve. A re-serve is considered a single attempt
to serve. The penalty after the whistle/ signal for serve is illegal
alignment. (8-1-5; 10-4-1f)
SITUATION 6: Team R's No. 8 replaces the libero. After the contact of the
serve, the referee spots a ball from another court on the floor and whistles
the ball dead and signals replay. The libero then replaces No. 3. RULING:
Legal. COMMENT: Even though no points were scored, the ball was served and a
rally has taken place. Replacements are allowed. (9-8-1g; 10-4-1)
SITUATION 7: The Team S libero has served in the current game in position No.
3 of the serve order (in replacement of starting player No. 5). Later in the
same game, the libero comes from the bench to replace starting player No. 7,
who has just rotated to the right back position and prepares to serve. The
officials are aware that the libero cannot serve in this second position. The
official (a) whistles/signals illegal alignment; (b) whistles/ signals for
serve, waits for the contact of the serve by the libero and whistles/signals
improper server; (c) whistles/signals delay of game. RULING: (a) and (c)
Incorrect procedures; (b) correct procedure. COMMENT: There is nothing
improper or illegal about the libero coming from the bench to replace a back
row player. The officials should treat this situation as any other potential
wrong server, wait until the contact of the serve before assessing illegal
alignment/improper server. Once the penalty is assessed, the libero can
remain on the court in replacement of No. 7 as a rally has occurred. (8-2-5d,
10-4-1a)
SITUATION 8: The CF on Team A directs a hard-driven spike toward Team B's LB.
The attack is too high to take the ball with a forearm pass and too hard to
take the ball with finger action. The player, just to keep the ball in play,
uses a beach dig. The official allows play to continue, as there was no
prolonged contact. RULING: Correct procedure. COMMENT: A beach dig is
sometimes called a face dig. The hands are clasped together by thumbs
interlocked and hands overlaid. It is sometimes taught with the hands cupped.
It is a rebounding action to keep the ball in play. [9-5-1a(4)]
SITUATION 9: Team A earns the rally/point. After the official
whistles/signals for serve (a) no replacement enters for the libero and the
libero has rotated to the left front (LF) position; (b) the correct
replacement player runs onto the court and quickly replaces the libero in the
left front (LF) position. RULING: Both (a) and (b) are illegal. COMMENT: Rule
9-5-6d, "A libero shall not rotate to the front row." Rule 10-4-1f,
"A libero replacement must be completed during a dead ball prior to the
whistle and signal for serve." In both (a) and (b), the official shall
whistle and signal illegal alignment and award the point/rally to Team B.
(9-5-6d; 10-4 Penalty)
SITUATION 10: In game No. 2 with the score tied 24-24, the libero from Team S
rushes into the service area without going through the proper replacement procedure
of entering and leaving the court between the end line and the attack line.
The RF of Team S who was to rotate to the RB position leaves the court in
front of the attack line and not in the replacement zone. The official waits
to see if there is any other player action, then whistles and signals
unnecessary delay for an illegal libero replacement. The two players involved
in the replacement must go through the proper procedure to have the libero
enter legally. RULING: Correct procedure. COMMENT: It is important that the
proper replacement procedure is followed. The scorer and assistant scorer
need to see which players are involved in the replacement and in this case be
aware that the libero is serving and is serving in the correct position in
the serve order. The umpire also needs to clearly see the replacement so
confusion does not exist due to the RF leaving the court in the substitution
zone. (10-4-1e; 10-4 Penalty 1)
SITUATION 11: Player No. 8 for Team S is rotating to the right back to serve.
The coach for Team S requests a substitution, No. 10 for No. 8. Player No. 10
serves, and Team S loses the rally. The libero for Team S then replaces
player No. 10 and plays the back-row positions. When the libero rotates off
the back row, (a) player No. 8 replaces the libero; (b) player No. 10
replaces the libero; (c) player No. 10 replaces the libero, moves to the
substitution zone while player No. 8 leaves the bench area, enters the
substitution zone and substitutes for player No. 10. RULING: (a) Incorrect procedure;
(b) and (c) correct procedures. COMMENT: The libero must be replaced by the
player whom the libero originally replaced. If an incorrect player replaces
the libero, delay of game is assessed if the error is discovered by the
officials before the next whistle/signal for serve. If the incorrect player
is on the court when the whistle/signal for serve occurs, illegal alignment
results. (10-4-1b; 10-4 Penalty 1)
SITUATION 12: The Team S libero is on the bench and has not served in this
game. Before the referee whistles/signals for serve and while player No. 5 is
in the service area, the coach instructs the libero to serve for No. 5. The
libero and No. 5 exchange positions at the end of the court. Neither player
crosses the sideline between the attack line and the end line. The official
whistles/signals delay of game. RULING: Correct procedure. COMMENT: The
players involved in a libero replacement must enter and exit the court over
the sideline between the attack line and the end line so that the assistant
scorer (libero tracker) is able to observe and record all libero replacements
accurately and the libero tracking sheet reflects the players actually on the
court at all times. In all cases, the illegal libero must enter legally or be
replaced by a legal player. (10-4-1e; 10-4-Penalty 1)
SITUATION 13: Team R calls a time-out. At the completion of the time-out as
Team R takes the court, the libero replaces No. 3 in the back row. At the
contact of serve, the referee blows the whistle and signals illegal alignment
with the libero. RULING: Correct procedure. COMMENT: The libero replacement
may not take place during a time-out. The replacement may happen after the
time-out when both teams have taken the court. However, the court player must
enter the court first and then the replacement may occur. In this situation,
it is good preventive officiating to have the libero stand in the replacement
zone and after the umpire has made a check that all is correct just simply
sweep/invite the libero to enter. In this manner both teams are positioned,
the legal players are on the court and the umpire facilitates the assistant
scorer and scorer, if the libero is to serve, to be aware of this replacement
at the end of the time-out. (Rule 10-4-3)
SITUATION 14: The libero for Team R has not yet served in the current game.
The libero has replaced player No. 5 and is playing in the left back
position. Team R wins a rally and rotates, moving player No. 8 to the serving
position. The libero goes to the service area, player No. 8 exits the court
over the sideline between the attack line and the end line, and player No. 5
returns to the court to the left front position. The official (a)
whistles/signals for serve; (b) whistles/ signals delay of game; (c)
whistles/ signals illegal alignment. RULING: (a) Correct procedure; (b) and
(c) incorrect procedure. COMMENT: These player replacements are all legal,
and if they are executed in a timely fashion, there is no delay of game. The
libero may serve in one position in the serve order. There does not have to
be a rally between libero replacements if the libero serves the next rally.
(10-4-1a; 10-4-6a, b)
SITUATION 15: The Team S libero has served in the current game in position
No. 3 in the serve order (in replacement of starting player No. 5). Later in
the same game, the libero is on the court in replacement of starting player
No. 10. The team wins a rally and rotates to serve. Starting player No. 7 is
the next legal server. Player No. 7 leaves the court, player No. 10 returns
to the court, and the libero goes to the service area and prepares to serve.
The officials are aware that the libero cannot serve in this second position.
The officials (a) whistle/signal delay of game and indicate illegal libero
replacement; (b) whistle/signal illegal alignment; (c) whistle/signal for
serve followed by a whistle signal for illegal alignment/improper server.
RULING: (b) Incorrect procedure; (a) and (c) correct procedures. COMMENT: The
libero replacement is illegal since the libero can only avoid sitting out a
rally between replacements IF the libero is the next LEGAL server. (10-4-5a)
If the officials intervene prior to the beckon for serve, they can assess the
delay of game penalty for illegal libero replacement, as the libero did not
sit out a rally between replacements. Player No. 7 would be the legal server
and the libero can either remain in the game for player No. 10 on the back
row, or go to the bench. If the officials do not intervene until the libero
illegally contacts the serve, they would need to assess the illegal
alignment/improper server penalty. Once the loss of rally/point is awarded,
the libero can remain on the court in replacement of No. 7 as a rally has
occurred. (10-4-5a)
SITUATION 16: Team B receives the ball for the next serve. During this dead
ball and prior to the whistle and signal for serve, player No. 7,
representing as the libero, replaces player No. 23. Several rotations later,
No. 23 replaces No. 7. One play occurs and then player No. 14, as libero,
replaces No. 23 before the whistle and signal for serve. This is the second
player to attempt to enter the game as the libero. The referee calls
unnecessary delay. Player No. 7 now tries to enter the game after the
unnecessary delay is called. The official permits the proper replacement.
RULING: Correct procedure. (10-4-5c, 10-4 Penalty 1)
SITUATION 17: The libero for Team A has replaced player No. 3 in position No.
1 (RB) and has served two points. Player No. 3 returns to the game to replace
the libero and serves the next rally. The libero stays on the court to
replace another back-row player. The officials (a) intercede to correct the
situation, whistle/signal delay of game; (b) allow the replacement,
whistle/signal Team A player No. 3 to serve at which time the illegal replacement
is identified and the officials whistle/signal illegal alignment and award
the rally/point to Team B. RULING: Either a) or b) could be correct. COMMENT:
The officials' judgment comes into play in this situation, as they must
determine what is occurring in this game. As is stated in the COMMENTS ON THE
RULES, "This distinction in penalties more accurately reflects what is
occurring in the game and prevents poor procedure by not having a timely
replacement detract from the flow of the game." (10-4 Penalty)
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